Harga Garam Petani Lokal Anjlok Akibat Impor

MUSTANIR.net – Harga garam produksi petani lokal terjun bebas. Akibat kelebihan stok, kini harga jualnya hanya berada di kisaran Rp 300 per kilogram (kg). Puluhan ribu ton garam produksi petani tambak lokal pada tahun lalu pun belum terjual.

Di saat bersamaan penyerapan garam lokal oleh industri rendah. Kondisi ini diduga terjadi karena keberadaan garam impor.

Parahnya, harga garam yang saat awal musim panen 2018 sempat menyentuh Rp 12 ribu per kg, berpotensi semakin jatuh karena sudah memasuki masa panen. Para petambak cemas harga garam terjun bebas ke level Rp 50 per kg karena stok akan semakin melimpah.

Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP) mendorong PT Garam (Persero) dan kalangan industri menyerap sisa stok garam rakyat. Direktur Jenderal Pengelolaan Ruang Laut KKP Brahmantya Satyamurti Poerwadi mengungkapkan, stok garam produksi 2018 per 4 juli 2019 sebanyak 435.068,86 ton. Jumlah tersebut berasal dari garam rakyat 237.068,86 ton dan dari PT Garam sebesar 198.000 ton.

Sementara, garam produksi tahun 2019 per 4 juli 2019 totalnya tercatat berjumlah 13.664,21 ton yang berasal dari garam rakyat sebanyak 3.164,21 ton dan PT Garam 10.500 ton. “Mengapa harga garam turun, penyerapan industri kurang, stok masih banyak,” ujar Brahmantya kepada Republika, Kamis (4/7/2019).

Berdasarkan kesepakatan tahun lalu, ungkap Brahmantya, Kementerian Perindustrian seharusnya sudah menyerap sebanyak 1.128.500 ton selama periode Juli 2018-Juni 2019. Namun, saat rapat bersama dengan Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian beberapa waktu lalu, penyerapan garam hingga periode tersebut baru mencapai 962.220 ton. Dengan begitu, stok garam masih tersisa 166.280 ton.

Selain itu, kata dia, akan ada impor garam yang ditargetkan mencapai 2,7 juta ton. Untuk memaksimalkan penyerapan, Brahmantya mengatakan KKP mengusulkan pembuatan MoU baru untuk produksi 2019 yang berisi kesepakatan melakukan penyerapan.

Dia menjelaskan, KKP saat ini hanya memiliki wewenang untuk melakukan pemberdayaan terhadap petambak garam. KKP bertugas memastikan produksi garam lebih banyak dan kualitasnya lebih bagus.

Untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas garam lokal, Brahmantya memaparkan, KKP telah mengadakan sejumlah program, di antaranya memperbaiki sistem peladangan dengan membuat integrasi lahan minimum 15 hektare di antara para petani garam. Selain itu, KKP telah memberikan geo isolator untuk memperbaiki kualitas garam.

“Tugas terkait perdagangannya kita bagi ke Kemenperin dan Kemendag. Kalau penyerapan industri baik, pasti harganya juga baik,” ujar dia.

Sekretaris Jenderal Koalisi Rakyat untuk Keadilan Perikanan (Kiara) Susan Herawati mengatakan, perlu ada perbaikan dalam tata kelola garam. Menurut Susan, tata kelola yang tidak tepat oleh sejumlah kementerian terkait menyebabkan anjloknya harga garam menjadi permasalahan yang terus berulang.

Susan menjelaskan, permasalahan anjloknya harga garam dipicu beberapa hal, salah satunya kenaikan kuota impor dari 2,37 juta ton menjadi 3,7 ton. Hal yang menjadi persoalan, kata dia, tidak ada kontrol dari pemerintah terkait serapan garam impor ini. “Apa benar digunakan masuk ke industri secara utuh atau ada kebocoran garam impor masuk ke pasar lokal,” kata Susan.

Susan mempertanyakan urgensi dilakukannya impor garam. Pasalnya, dari sisi kualitas, garam dalam negeri tidak kalah bagus daripada garam impor. Sebab, garam dalam negeri sudah bisa memenuhi standar dan kualitas mutu yang dibutuhkan untuk indusri.

Menurut Susan, negara seharusnya dapat menjamin harga garam sekaligus mendorong upaya pembenahan tata kelola garam. Di sisi lain, perlu ada upaya mendorong penyerapan garam rakyat oleh PT Garam. “Setahu saya penyerapan garam oleh PT Garam sangat kecil dan tentu menjadi tantangan garam rakyat kita,” ujar Susan menerangkan.

Ia pun mengkritik Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 2018 tentang Tata Cara Pengendalian Impor Komoditas Perikanan dan Pergaraman sebagai Bahan Baku dan Bahan Penolong Industri. Sebab, beleid itu mengalihkan wewenang pemberian rekomendasi impor dari KKP ke Kemenperin.

Kemenperin belum bisa diminta keterangan terkait garam impor dan rendahnya penyerapan industri. Republika telah mencoba menghubungi Dirjen Industri Kimia, Farmasi, dan Tekstil Kemenperin Achmad Sigit. Namun, hingga berita ini diturunkan, Sigit tak merespons.

Ketua Asosiasi Petani Garam (Apgasi) Jawa Barat M Taufik mengatakan, kondisi garam petambak yang tak laku terjual dan harganya jatuh tersebar di daerah sentra garam di Jabar, yakni Cirebon dan Indramayu. Jumlahnya mencapai puluhan ribu ton.

Garam yang menumpuk tersebut merupakan sisa produksi garam pada 2018. ‘’Kondisi itu terjadi karena regulasi pemerintah yang tidak berpihak pada nasib petambak garam,’’ kata Taufik kepada Republika.

Taufik menjelaskan, pada 2018 lalu, pemerintah mengimpor garam. Namun, impor dilakukan tanpa pengawasan yang ketat. Akibatnya, garam impor merembes ke berbagai sektor yang sebenarnya menjadi pangsa pasar bagi garam lokal.

Ia mencontohkan, untuk usaha ikan asin, selama ini selalu menggunakan garam lokal milik petambak. Namun, pada tahun lalu, garam impor juga digunakan oleh para pengusaha ikan asin. Kondisi itu menyebabkan garam lokal milik petambak menjadi tidak terserap.

Diakuinya garam impor memang masih dibutuhkan untuk kepentingan industri. Namun, kebijakan impor itu harus disertai dengan pengawasan yang ketat dalam pelaksanaannya. ‘’Pemerintah harus mencabut (izin) importir-importir yang nakal,’’ kata Taufik menegaskan.

Menurut Taufik, menumpuknya garam sisa produksi 2018 itu dipastikan akan bertambah. Pasalnya, saat ini para petambak sudah memulai masa panen garam 2019. Apalagi, berdasarkan prakiraan cuaca Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG), tahun ini dinilai menjanjikan untuk peningkatan produksi garam petambak.

Namun sayang, kondisi tersebut tidak diimbangi dengan tingginya penyerapan ataupun harga garam di tingkat petambak. Tak hanya stoknya yang menumpuk, lanjut Taufik, harga garam petambak juga sangat jatuh.

Saat ini, harga garam di tingkat petambak hanya pada kisaran Rp 300–Rp 400 per kilogram. Padahal, saat awal musim panen pada 2018, harga garam di tingkat petani menyentuh Rp 1.200 per kilogram. ‘’Saat ini baru mulai panen perdana. Bagaimana nanti saat panen raya? Harga garam terjun bebas,’’ ujar Taufik mengeluh.

Taufik berharap pemerintah bisa memperhatikan tata kelola garam sehingga nasib petambak garam bisa terlindungi. Jika hal itu tidak dilakukan, animo petambak untuk menjalankan usaha tambak garam bisa menurun. n retno wulandari/lilis sri handayani, ed: satria kartika yudha.[]

Sumber: Republika

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190 thoughts on “Harga Garam Petani Lokal Anjlok Akibat Impor

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