Fri. Jan 24th, 2025

Al-Qur’an: Pemutus Haq dan Batil

By Mustanir Media 9 years ago

quran

Al-Qur’an: Pemutus Haq dan Batil

(Tafsir QS ath-Thariq [87]: 12-14)

وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الرَّجْعِ * وَالأرْضِ ذَاتِ الصَّدْعِ * إِنَّهُ لَقَوْلٌ فَصْلٌ * وَمَا هُوَ بِالْهَزْلِ *

Demi langit yang mengandung hujan; demi bumi yang mempunyai tumbuh-tumbuhan. Sesungguhnya al-Quran itu benar-benar firman yang memisahkan (antara yang haq dan yang batil). Sekali-kali ia bukanlah gurauan. (QS ath-Thariq [86]: 12-14).

Tafsir Ayat

Allah SWT berfirman: Wa as-samâ‘ dzât al-raj’i (Demi langit yang mengandung hujan). Ayat ini diawali dengan wâwu al-qasam (huruf yang menunjukkan makna sumpah). Objek yang dijadikan sebagai al-muqsam bih adalah as-samâ‘ (langit). Disebutkan bahwa langit tersebutdzât ar-raj’i. Secara bahasa, kata ar-raj’ berarti mengembalikan ke keadaan semula.1 Dalam konteks ayat ini, kata tersebut bermakna al-mathar (hujan). Dijelaskan al-Qurthubi, hujan senantiasa kembali setiap tahun. Dikatakan ahli bahasa ar-raj’ berarti al-mathar.2 Menurut az-Zamakhsyari, penyebutan al-mathar (hujan) dengan ar-raj’ disebabkan karena orang Arab mengira bahwa mendung membawa hujan dari lautan, kemudian kembali lagi ke daratan.3

Dikatakan az-Zajjaj, pengertian ar-raj’ adalah al-mathar (hujan) disebabkan karena hujan datang, kembali dan terus berulang.4 Ibnu ‘Abbas juga memaknai ar-raj’ sebagai as-sahâb(mendung) yang di dalamnya terkandung hujan.5 Al-Khalil mengatakan bahwa pengertian ar-raj` adalah hujan itu sendiri; juga berarti tumbuhan musim semi.6 Mufassir lainnya yang memaknai ar-raj’ sebagai al-mathar (hujan) adalah an-Nasafi, al-Baghawi, as-Samarqandi, dan lain-lain.7

Memang ada yang berpendapat lain, seperti Ibnu Zaid yang menafsirkan kata tersebut dengan matahari, bulan dan bintang. Semuanya kembali ke langit dari satu arah dan menghilang pada arah lainnya. Sebagian mufassir lainnya menafsirkan, “yang memiliki malaikat,” karenakembalinya mereka ke langit dengan membawa catatan amal-amal manusia.8 Akan tetapi, sebagaimana dinyatakan al-Qurthubi, penafsiran ar-raj’ sebagai al-mathar merupakan penafsiran kebanyakan para mufassir.9

Kemudian Allah SWT berfirman: wa al-ardh dzât ash-shad’ (demi bumi yang mempunyai tumbuh-tumbuhan). Ayat ini masih menyebutkan sumpah. Yang dijadikan sebagai al-muqsam bih adalah al-ardh (bumi).

Disebutkan bahwa bumi tersebut dzât ash-shad’. Pengertian ash-shad’ adalah asy-syaqq(membelah). Karena tumbuhan itu membelah bumi, maka bumi menjadi terbelah oleh tumbuhan tersebut; seolah dikatakan: Demi bumi yang memiliki tumbuhan, lantaran tumbuhan merupakan pembelah bagi bumi.10 Penafsiran tersebut dikemukakan oleh banyak mufassir. Dikatakan oleh Ibnu ‘Abbas, inshidâ’uhâ ‘an an-nabât (terbelahnya bumi oleh tumbuhan). Pendapat demikian juga dinyatakan oleh Said bin Jubair, ‘Ikrimah, Abu Malik, adh-Dhahhak, al-Hasan, Qatadah, as-Sudi, dan lain-lain;11 juga Abu Ubaidah dan al-Farra’.12

Kemudian Allah SWT berfirman: Innahu laqawl fashl (Sesungguhnya al-Quran itu benar-benar firman yang memisahkan [antara yang haq dan yang batil]). Ayat ini merupakan jawâb al-qasamyang disebutkan dalam ayat sebelumnya. Dhamîr huwa menunjuk pada al-Quran. Meskipun kata tersebut tidak dinyatakan dalam ayat sebelumnya, maknanya jelas menunjukkan pengertian tersebut. Di antara yang berpendapat demikian adalah asy-Syaukani, Ibnu ‘Athiyah, as-Samarqandi, al-Baidhawi, az-Zuhaili,dan lain-lain.13

Disebutkan ayat ini bahwa al-Quran merupakan qawl fashl. Secara bahasa, kata al-fashl berarti memisahkan salah satu dari dua perkara dengan yang lain sehingga antara keduanya terlepas.14Dikatakan oleh al-Qurthubi, pengertian al-Quran sebagai qawl fashl berarti yafshilu bayna al-haqq wa al-bâthil (memisahkan antara yang haq dan yang bathil).15 Asy-Syaukani juga mengatakan, “Sesunguhnya al-Quran memisahkan antara kebenaran dan kebatilan dengan menjelaskan masing-masing keduanya.”16

Penafsiran senada juga dikemukakan az-Zamakhsyari, al-Alusi, dan lain-lain.17

Kemudian ditegaskan pula: wamâ huwa bi al-hazl (dan sekali-kali bukanlah al-Quran itu senda-gurau). Dhamîr huwa kembali lagi pada al-Quran. Ditegaskan lagi bahwa al-Quran bukan merupakan al-hazl. Kata al-hazl bermakna dhid al-jidd (lawan kata dari serius).18 Menurut Ibnu ‘Athiyah, pengertian al-hazl adalah al-la’b al-bâthil (permainan atau senda gurau yang batil).19

Menurut Ibnu ‘Abbas, bi hazl berarti bi al-bâthil (batil). Adapun Mujahid memaknai frasa tersebut dengan bi al-la’b (main-main, senda gurau).20 Ibnu Jarir pun menggabungkan pengertian tersebut sehingga menafsirkan ayat ini dengan wamâ huwa bi al-la’b wa lâ bi al-bâthil (al-Quran itu bukan senda gurau, juga tidak batil).21

Az-Zuhaili berkata, “Sesungguhnya al-Quran benar-benar firman yang haq; tidak ada keraguan di dalamnya; memutuskan antara yang haq dan yang batil; dan tidak turun secara main-main dan senda-gurau. Al-Quran serius dan haq, tidak main-main, bukan syair, sihir, dan dukun; diturunkan dari Zat Yang Mahabijaksana lagi Maha Terpuji. 22

Beberapa Pelajaran Penting

Banyak pelajaran penting yang dapat diambil dari ayat-ayat ini. Pertama: tanda-tanda kebesaran dan kekuasaan Allah SWT sekaligus sebagai karunia-Nya untuk manusia. Al-Muqsam bih yang disebutkan dalam ayat ini—yakni as-samâ‘ dzât ar-raj’, langit yang mengandung hujan; dan al-ardh dzât ash-shad’, bumi yang memiliki tumbuh-tumbuhan—memberikan  pemahaman demikian.

Demikian pula dengan air hujan yang turun dari langit. Dengan kekuasaan-Nya, air laut berubah menjadi uap, lalu terangkat ke udara menjadi gumpalan awan, kemudian digerakkan angin menuju ke tempat yang Dia kehendaki. Setelah itu, ia turun menjadi air hujan yang mengguyur bumi. Semuanya itu menjadi kebesaran dan kekuasaan Allah SWT yang amat jelas (Lihat juga: QS al-Nur [124]: 43).

Hal yang sama juga berlaku pada bumi. Benda planet yang terus-menerus berputar dan mengitari matahari ini merupakan tanda kekuasaan Allah SWT yang amat terang. Demikian pula berbagai tanaman dan pepohonan yang tumbuh di atasnya, yang seolah membelah bumi, juga menunjukkan kebesaran dan kekuasaan-Nya.

Selain menjadi bukti kebesaran dan kekuasaan Allah, semua benda tersebut merupakan kenikmatan bagi manusia. Air merupakan kebutuhan pokok bagi kehidupan manusia. Bahkan manusia tak bisa hidup tanpa air.  Karena itu turunnya hujan memenuhi kebutuhan manusia terhadap air. Dengan hujan, tanah yang sebelumnya kerontang menjadi gembur dan subur. Air yang turun diserap oleh tanah dan diubah menjadi air tawar,  lalu memancarkan mata air dan mengalirkan sungai-sungai.

Dengan air hujan juga, Alah SWT menumbuhkan berbagai tanaman dan pepohonan yang dibutuhkan manusia, termasuk tanaman yang memenuhi kebutuhan manusia akan makanan. Sebagian lainnya dijadikan makanan oleh hewan ternak, yang pada gilirannya, hewan ternak itu pun dikonsumsi oleh manusia dan untuk berbagai keperluan lainnya (Lihat: QS ‘Abasa [80]: 24-32.

Realitas demikian, mengharuskan manusia untuk beriman kepada Allah SWT dengan segala kekuasaan-Nya; termasuk kekuasaan-Nya dalam menghidupkan kembali manusia pada Hari Kiamat kelak, sebagaimana diberitakan dalam ayat sebelumnya.  Jika Allah SWT berkuasa untuk menurunkan hujan dari langit dan menghidupkan berbagai tanaman di bumi, maka amat mudah bagi Dia untuk menghidupkan kembali manusia yang sudah mati (Lihat: QS al-A’raf [7]: 57).

Realitas tersebut semestinya mengantarkan manusia untuk mengagungkan kebesaran Allah SWT, mensyukuri semua kenikmatan-Nya, dan menaati semua perintah dan larangan-Nya. Sungguh, tidak layak manusia yang berpijak di atas bumi-Nya, dinaungi oleh atap langit-Nya, minum dengan air yang diturunkan-Nya, dan mengkonsumsi semua makanan yang telah Dia sediakan, menolak syariah-Nya, bahkan menjadi penentang yang nyata!

Kedua: al-Quran sebagai sebagai pembeda, pemisah dan pemutus antara al-haq dan al-batil. Hal ini jelas disebutkan dalam firman-Nya: La qawl fashl. Sebagaimana telah dipaparkan, qawl fashl berarti yang memisahkan dan memutuskan antara yang haq dan yang batil; membedakan yang terpuji dan tercela, yang halal dan yang haram. Dalam ayat lainnya, al-Quran disebut sebagai furqân (pembeda antara kebenaran dan kebatilan, lihat QS al-Baqarah [2]: 185.

Selain itu, al-Quran juga diturunkan sebagai petunjuk bagi seluruh manusia (lihat QS al-Baqarah [2]: 185), menunjukkan ke jalan yang lurus (lihat QS al-Isra’ [17]: 9), menjelaskan segala sesuatu (lihat QS al-Nahl [16]: 89), obat (lihat QS al-Isra’ [17]: 82, Fushilat [41]: 44), obat terhadap apa yang tersimpan dalam dada (lihat QS Yunus [10]: 57), rahmat (lihat QS al-Isra’ [17]: 82), dan kabar gembira kaum Muslim (lihat QS al-Baqarah [2]: 97).

Sebagai pemisah dan pemutus kebenaran dan kebatilan, semua isinya benar; semua perkara yang diberitakan benar-benar terjadi; termasuk terjadinya hari saat manusia dibangkitkan kembali dan diadili dalam pengadilan-Nya, adanya neraka yang dipenuhi dengan siksa mengerikan, dan surga yang berisi berbagai kenikmatakan tiada tara. Semuanya adalah kebenaran yang harus diyakini.

Demikian pula semua ketentuan hukum di dalamnya. Semuanya merupakan hukum yang adil dan bijaksana; hukum yang benar-benar mencegah dan membasmi kejahatan, kemungkaran, dan kedzaliman; hukum terbaik bagi manusia (lihat QS al-Maidah [5]: 50).

Di dalamnya tidak ada keraguan (lihat QS al-Baqarah [2]: 2) sehingga tidak boleh diragukan. Di dalamnya tidak ada yang batil sehingga tidak boleh diingkari. Mengingkari al-Quran, walau hanya sebagian, mengantarkan pelakunya pada kekufuran dan kecelakaan. Allah SWT berfirman:

لا يَأْتِيهِ الْبَاطِلُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَلا مِنْ خَلْفِهِ تَنْزِيلٌ مِنْ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ * مَا يُقَالُ لَكَ إِلا مَا قَدْ قِيلَ لِلرُّسُلِ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَذُو مَغْفِرَةٍ وَذُو عِقَابٍ أَلِيمٍ *

Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang mengingkari al-Quran ketika al-Quran itu datang kepada mereka, (mereka itu pasti akan celaka), dan sesungguhnya al-Quran itu adalah kitab yang mulia; yang tidak datang kepada al-Quran itu kebatilan baik dari depan maupun dari belakangnya; yang diturunkan dari Tuhan Yang Mahabijaksana lagi Maha Terpuji (QS Fushilat [41]: 42).

Al-Quran bukan dongeng-dongeng orang dulu, yang hanya sekadar sebagai hiburan dan pelipur lara bagi orang-orang yang suka mendengar dongeng-dongeng. Al-Quran juga bukan main-main dan senda gurau sehingga patut diremehkan (Lihat: QS al-Waqi’ah [56]: 81).

Oleh karena itu, tidak ada alasan bagi manusia kecuali mengimani semua beritanya dan mengamalkan semua hukumnya. Laksana hujan dan aneka tumbuhan, Kitab yang Allah SWT turunkan adalah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup manusia. Tatkala isinya diterapkan secarakaffah akan menciptakan kebahagiaan dan kehidupan penuh berkah. Sebaliknya, menolak al-Quran hanya akan mendatangkan kerugian, kesengsaraan, penderitaan, dan kehancuran di dunia, terlebih di akhirat.

WalLâh a’lam bi ash-shawâb. [Ust. Rokhmat S. Labib, M.E.I.]

Catatan kaki:

1         Az-Zuhaili, At-Tafsîr al-Munîr, vol. 30 (Damaskus: Dar al-Fikr al-Mu’asir, 1998), 180.

2         Al-Qurthubi, Al-Jâmi’ li Ahkâm al-Qur‘ân, vol. 20 (Kairo: Dar al-Kitab al-Mishriyyah, 1964), 10.

3         Az-Zamakhsyari, Al-Kasysyâf, vol. 4 (Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-‘Arabi, 1987), 736.

4         Asy-Syaukani, Fat-h al-Qadîr, vol. 5 (Damaskus: Dar Ibnu Katsir, 1994), 510.

5         Ath-Thabari, Jâmi’ al-Bayân fî Ta’wîl al-Qur‘ân, vol. 24 (tt: Muassasah al-Risalah, 2000), 360.

6         Al-Qurthubi, Al-Jâmi’ li Ahkâm al-Qur’ân, vol. 20, 10.

7         An-Nasafi, Madârik at-Tanzîl wa Haqâiq at-Ta‘wîl, vol. 3 (Bairut: Dar al-Kalim al-Thayyib, 1998), 628; al-Baghawi, Ma’âlim at-Tanzîl fî Tafsîr al-Qur’ân, vol. 8 (tt: Dar Thayyibah, 1997), 395; as-Samarqandi, Bahr al-‘Ulûm, vol. 3, 569.

8         Asy-Syaukani, Fat-h al-Qadîr, vol. 5, 511.

9         Al-Qurthubi, Al-Jâmi’ li Ahkâm al-Qur’ân, vol. 20, 10.

10        Al-Qurthubi, Al-Jâmi’ li Ahkâm al-Qur’ân, vol. 20, 10.

11        Ibnu Katsir, Tasîr al-Qur’ân al-‘Azhîm, vol. 8 (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1999), 369.

12        Asy-Syaukani, Fat-h al-Qadîr, vol. 5, 511.

13        Asy-Syaukani, Fat-h al-Qadîr, vol. 5, 511; Ibnu ‘Athiyah, Al-Muharrar al-Wajîz, vol. 5 (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2001), 467; as-Samarqandi, Bahr al-‘Ulûm, vol. 3, 569; al-Baidhawi,Anwâr at-Tanzîl wa Asrâr at-Ta`wîl, vol. 5 (Beirut: Dar Ihya` al-Turats al-‘Arabi, 1998),  304; az-Zuhaili, At-Tafsîr al-Munîr, vol. 30, 180.

14        l-Asfahani, Al-Mufradât fî Gharîb al-Qur’ân (Damaskus: Dar al-Qalam, 1992), 638.

15        Al-Qurthubi, Al-Jâmi’ li Ahkâm al-Qur’ân, vol. 20, 10.

16        Asy-Syaukani, Fat-h al-Qadîr, vol. 5, 511.

17        Az-Zamakhsyari, Al-Kasysyâf, vol. 4, 737; al-Alusi, Rûh al-Ma’ânî, vol. 15 (Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1995), 311.

18        Al-Qurthubi, Al-Jâmi’ li Ahkâm al-Qur’ân, vol. 20, 11; asy-Syaukani, Fat-h al-Qadîr, vol. 5, 511

19        Ibnu ‘Athiyah, Al-Muharrar al-Wajîz, vol. 5, 467.

20        Ath-Thabari, Jâmi’ al-Bayân fî Ta’wîl al-Qur’ân, vol. 24, 362.

21        Ath-Thabari, Jâmi’ al-Bayân fî Ta‘wîl al-Qur’ân, vol. 24, 362.

22        Az-Zuhaili, At-Tafsîr al-Munîr, vol. 30.

 

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